► This may have implications for treatment. ► Studying both can provide an integrated systems-level model of psychosis. ► Schizophrenia and psychoses of epilepsy likely share frontal–limbic neurocircuitry defects. In this review, we (1) discuss the classification of epilepsy-related psychoses and relevant neuroimaging and other studies (2) review structural and functional neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia focusing on evidence of frontal–limbic dysfunction (3) report our laboratory's PET, fMRI, and electrophysiological findings (4) describe a theoretical framework in which frontal hypoactivity and intermittent medial temporal hyperactivity play a critical role in the etiopathology of psychosis both associated and unassociated with epilepsy and (5) suggest avenues for future research.► Frontal–limbic brain networks mediate emotion regulation. The psychoses of epilepsy represent an important, though understudied, model relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of psychosis in general. Psychosis is a devastating, prevalent condition considered to involve dysfunction of frontal and medial temporal limbic brain regions as key nodes in distributed brain networks involved in emotional regulation. ![]() Studies of the effects of kindling and injection of neuroactive substances on behavior and electrophysiological patterns may offer a model of how limbic seizures in humans increase the vulnerability of TLE patients to psychiatric symptoms. Damage and deregulation among critical anatomical regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and the temporal, frontal and cingulate cortices, might predispose TLE brains to psychosis. CONCLUSION: TLE and psychiatric symptoms coexist more frequently than chance would predict. ![]() Delusion in general implies self-deception or deception by others it may connote a disordered state of mind, extreme gullibility, or merely an inability. Finally, the importance of animal models in epilepsy and psychiatric disorders was discussed. Delusion, illusion, hallucination, mirage denote something which is believed to be or is accepted as being true or real but which is actually false or unreal. METHODS: In this review, clinical and neuropathological findings, especially brain circuitry of the limbic system, were examined together to enhance our understanding of the association between TLE and psychosis. Our objective was to develop a conceptual framework describing how neuropathological and connectivity changes might contribute to the development of psychosis and to the potential neurobiological mechanisms that cause schizophrenia-like psychosis in TLE patients. ![]() OBJECTIVE: Mounting evidence suggests that the limbic system is pathologically involved in cases of psychiatric comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients.
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